Earth Science
All articles about Earth Science.
When Corals Reveal a Changing El Niño
El Niño is part of the ENSO system, which links tropical Pacific ocean conditions with atmospheric circulation around the world. Chemical records preserved in Galápagos corals indicate that eastern Pacific ENSO variability has become substantially larger in recent decades than during much of the previous millennium.
2026-09-01Earth ScienceReading Minerals from the Sky: When Light Reveals Earth’s Geology
Airborne mineral mapping uses patterns of reflected light to identify minerals and geological materials across Earth’s surface. Hyperspectral sensors provide far more detailed information than an ordinary photograph.
2026-09-01Earth ScienceWhen Alaska’s Rivers Turn Orange: What Rusty Water Reveals About Thawing Permafrost
Several rivers in Alaska’s Brooks Range have changed from clear to rusty orange as thawing permafrost exposes minerals and metals to flowing water. The color change offers a visible clue that Arctic warming can alter both water chemistry and freshwater ecosystems.
2026-09-01Earth ScienceTitanium: The Lightweight Metal Built for Strength and Corrosion Resistance
Titanium is a metal known for combining high strength, relatively low density, and strong resistance to corrosion. Titanium and its alloys are therefore useful in aerospace, medical implants, sporting equipment, and many products that rely on titanium dioxide.
2026-09-01